Essay on Laurent Clerc - 769 Words

Perhaps one of the most notable and widely known members in Deaf society is Laurent Clerc, who was a teacher for the deaf. Born on December 26, 1785 in La Balme-les-Grottes, in southeastern France to hearing parents, it is unknown for sure whether Clerc was born deaf or was deafened later on in life. It is believed that Clerc became deaf at the age of one when he had fallen from his high chair into a fire, badly burning his cheek. He developed a fever from the burn, and was later found out to have lost his sense of smell and hearing. As far as it is known, Clerc was non-speaking and relied on pen and paper to those who could not communicate using sign language. For the first eleven years of his life, Clerc was not sent to school. At the†¦show more content†¦However, during the 52-day journey he made it a point to master the use of the English language. This knowledge paired with the use of French Sign Language contributed greatly to evolution of American sign language. Toge ther, Clerc and Gallaudet founded the first deaf school in the United States, what is now known as the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. The school opened on April 15, 1817 with Gallaudet serving as the principal and Clerc as the head teacher. Aside from teaching the students, Clerc was responsible to training the future teachers and administrators of the School. He was sent to other schools throughout the United States to continue to teach his methods to both students and prospective teachers, and his influence on teaching the deaf spread widely throughout the United States. Though Laurent Clerc had originally planned of staying the United States for only three years and then returning to his native France, Clerc married a former student of his and decided to settle in the states. He did, however, return to his homeland to visit. After 50 years of teaching for the deaf, Clerc retired from teaching in 1858. He died at the age of 84 on July 18, 1869. The legacy of Laurent Clerc is long withstanding. As the first teacher for deaf individuals, he pioneered a system of teaching the deaf that carries on today. Without him, the American School for the Deaf may not have come to fruition. By offering classes in signShow MoreRelatedEssay Laurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher958 Words   |  4 PagesLaurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher 1785-1869 Laurent Clerc was born in LaBalme, France, on Dec. 26 1785. His father was Mayor of the town and the family could boast of a long line of magistrates in the Clerc lineage. At the age of one, the infant fell from a kitchen chair by accident into a nearby fireplace. He was burned on one side of his face and a fever left him totally deaf. He had uncle also named Laurent Clerc, who heard about the school for the deaf in Paris. When he was twelve years oldRead MoreLaurent Clercs Deaf School529 Words   |  2 Pages Laurent Clerc was born on December 26, 1785. It is believed that Clerc became deaf by falling off of his high chair into the kitchen fireplace around age one. He had gotten a severe burn on his right cheek, and a fever developed, and later on his hearing and smelling senses were damaged. It was never quite clear whether he was born deaf, or if it had been a cause of his accident. Clerc’s parents had tried many different treatments to get Clercs hearing back, although none of them succeeded. Read MoreThe Apostle Of The Deaf Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesLouis Laurent Marie Clerc or commonly known as the â€Å"Apostle of the Deaf in America†, was born December 26, 1785 in La Balme -les-Grottes, France. Mr. Clerc was born in a village in the south-eastern side of France; he came from a well off middle class family that would have been considered bourgeois for his time. His father was Joseph Francis Clerc a civil attorney for the royal family and his mother was Marie Elizabeth Candy whose father was a notary public. Her father as well as being an attorneyRead MoreSummary : American Sign Language 957 Words   |  4 PagesGallaudet didn’t think that those methods were the best, so he went on to France. While he was there, Gallaudet met Laurent Clerc, a Deaf teacher who taught at Institut Royal des Sourds-Muets (the Royal Institution for Deaf-Mutes) in Paris. Gallaudet liked the technique that Clerc used to teach his Deaf students. Fifteen months later, Galla udet returned to America with Laurent Clerc. Together with Dr. Cogswell s help, they established the American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes, later renamed the AmericanRead MoreImproving the Lives of So Many: The Invention of Sign Language823 Words   |  3 Pagesbut to enrich the lives of all.† This important quote from Laurent Clerc shows his opinion on the acceptance of Deaf people in the world. He understood through first hand experience the importance of communication and education for the Deaf community. Eventually with the help of Thomas Gallaudet Sign Language was brought to the US and together the pair helped improve the lives of Deaf people living in the United States. Laurent Clerc was a deaf man from France born on December 26th 1785. HeRead MoreSeeing Voices : A Journey Into The World Of The Deaf1075 Words   |  5 Pagesto write down what was taught to them through a signing interpreter. One of the teachers at the institution named Laurent Clerc, was himself a deaf-mute. He was encouraged by the Reverend Thomas Gallaudet in 1817 to come to America. Together Clerc and Gallaudet founded the American Asylum for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. This was the first American school for the deaf. Clerc taught the French system of sign, this mixed with the native sign languages among deaf communities help to form AmericanRead MoreThe Importance of Language and Culture3202 Words   |  13 Pagesfor deaf children. This lead to the establishment of teachering training program that allow persons from around the world to take his methods back to their home countries. Laurent Clerc was a deaf pupil at the Institution Nationale Des Sourds-Muets, a f amous deaf school in Paris founded by Charles de I’Epee in 1760. Laurent Clerc made a dynamic impact on Deaf Americans for generations to come by providing total access communication style of education. As the first teacher of the deaf in America heRead MoreChloe Ziff . Professor Gary Rosenblatt. April 13, 2017.991 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. After a Pennsylvania, preacher named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet had met a young deaf girl named Alice Cogswell, he set off to Europe to learn how to educate her. There he met Abbe Sicard and Laurent Clerc who taught him ways in which they educated deaf children in Paris. Gallaudet brought Clerc back to the United States where they founded the American School for the Deaf in 1817. Gallaudet is a school where deaf people came to get educated. After they had learned ASL, they spread across theRead MoreSigns Of The Deaf Community Sign Language1279 Words   |  6 Pagesmanner of communication with the deaf. His essays showed his own system of language for the deaf including an alphabet and a series of studies on phonetics (Duchan). Moving forward, we meet two men named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. Gallaudet and Clerc are the men most responsible for the sign language in America (Rosen). During the 18th century sign languages started developing throughout France and America and by the time 1885 rolled around Juan Pablo Bonet’s findings were finallyRead MoreI Am A Future Speech Language Pathologist1307 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. As well as according to Delaporte and Shaw (2011) linguists and anthropologists have long argued that LSF influenced the majority of the ASL lexicon. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc brought LSF to the United States in 1817 when they opened the American School for the deaf. Gallaudet brought Clerc to the United States after spending years looking for sign language guidance throughout Europe. According to Gallaudet University’s biography, Thomas fell into deaf culture, around 1814

Integration of Logistics and Cloud Computing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integration of Logistics and Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction: The research topic that is selected is Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing for Business. This study documents the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing for business and establish its relationship to the business world. Aim of cloud computing for business is to provide a complete view of how cloud computing is related to business. This particular study is considered to be of utmost importance resulting from the current state of cloud computing and several issues that are faced in adoption of cloud computing by business. However, it is required by business to have a holistic view of the way they are getting impacted by cloud computing. The aim of this research is to explore the understanding of advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing with a critical analysis of users and providers. Research is conducted to bridge the gap between providers and users that is business enterprises and therefore, there will be depiction of more holistic view of cloud computing. Objective of research is to come up with valuable findings and conclusions about advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing for business. It is fairly a recent trend with lots of research to be done for making the project worthwhile (Fernndez et al. 2014). The scope of study is to provide a clear understanding of cloud computing and its relevance in business by discussing advantages and disadvantages. A wide coverage in study involves the implication of cloud computing for business mainly in developed country such as Australia. In technology, cloud computing is a relatively concept and most of properties of cloud computing is related to earlier technologies. Cloud computing is gaining ground in this competitive era and one of the considerable reason associated with this is cutting down of information technology cost (Alzahrani et al. 2014). Cloud computing can be defined as a model that enables on demand network and convenient access to a shared pool of organizing computing resources for rapidly releasing and provisioning with least interaction with service provider and minimal effort of management. Software as a Service- Users of cloud computing are able to access the applications through several devices in Internet as they run on infrastructure of cloud providers. This does not make it necessary for users to install software on their computer. Users utilize up to date versions as provider automatically do the updates. A pay per use is applied in this model and there is no need for business to pay for license. Organization performing specific processes and functions utilizes Saas applications. However, users does not have the capability to manage and control cloud infrastructure. Infrastructure as a Service- An entire virtual data center of resources such as bandwith, storage, servers and computing resources are provided by cloud service provider. One of the evolution of Saas is business process as a Service that helps in outsourcing of entire business process to their party. Platform as a Service- Cloud delivered services are used by customers for deploying, managing and running applications on the infrastructure of providers. Some of the essential characteristics of cloud computing are as follows: Providing broad access to network- Cloud computing models helps in the transmission of capabilities as it has vision for ubiquitous computing. Various standardized platforms such as laptops and mobiles can be used for accessing. Rapid elasticity- There is a rapid elasticity of resources via cloud that is built on utility model. Computing need and requirements of consumers can be scaled up and down due to unlimited appearance of resources. Resource pooling- Clients are serviced simultaneously as multi-tenancy model are incorporated in cloud model and the requirements of clients are met by poling computing resources of providers. As per the demands of customers, there is a dynamic assignment and reassignment of resources (Mezgr and Rauschecker 2014). Since the resources are independent of one another, there is no need to locate them together. Measured service- At different level of abstraction, cloud service has metering capability as it incorporates utility model. Resources helps in aiding accountability for consumers and provider as resources are well controlled and monitored. Loose Coupling- The basis of building applications of cloud computing is dependent on the fact that there is a discourage of dependencies between components. Overall scalability of application is added by sum of parts. On demand self-service- Implementation and provisioning of cloud computing does not need any human interaction and solutions are consumed and delivered over the internet. Cloud computing has some of the possible deployment model that are categorized as private cloud, public cloud, community cloud and hybrid cloud (Fernando et al. 2013). Community cloud- In this type of cloud computing, sharing of cloud infrastructure is done exclusively to specific communities consisting of organizations having common concerns such as common requirement of securities sand common mission. Infrastructure of this type of cloud computing is located either off or on premises. Private cloud- In this type of computing, a single organization owns or lease the cloud infrastructure such that the services are used exclusively. Their location can be either outside or inside premises. Hybrid Cloud- In this particular model, the cloud infrastructure is a combination more than two or two positioning models of separate entities and that are wrapped together by proprietary or standardized technologies (Subramanian et al. 2015). Public Cloud- In this type of computing model, an organization is owning cloud infrastructure that are open to use as the services are offered to general public and large group of industry. Potential advantages of cloud computing: In order to understand the benefits and challenges of cloud computing for organizations and business, the term is too imprecise. With the development of new technologies, tendency of organizations is to under estimate the long-term benefits and overestimate the short-term effects of cloud computing. Some of long-term and short-term benefit of cloud computing are as follows: Cost reduction- Reduction of cost of information technology and simplification of operation of information technology is one of the most prominent advantage provided by cloud computing utility model. An organization employing such model is not required to have in house upfront of information technology investments in servers, hardware and other resources of information technology. Organization faces reduced operational expenses by reducing capital expenses. Cost of using the applications is dependent upon usage as there is no requirement of making up front investments. It is the responsibility of provider of cloud service to update their system and therefore, firms are not required to incur any cost or investment on system updation and maintenance. Services of cloud computing is very attractive in the event of rapid changes in demand of consumers as there are some of the services of cloud computing such as computing power and store of data that has comparatively reduced or lower cost (Assuno et al. 2015). The direct benefit of cloud computing is reduction of information technology costs, there are some indirect benefits resulting from cloud computing services adoption. Organization is able to focus on their core business and activities that are most relevant to them. It enables them to focus on their core and main activities. Most of technological constraints faced by business are removed as cloud computing helps in reducing the information technology constraints by freeing up resources and free time and therefore driving the agility of business by focusing on the main components of business (Garrison et al. 2015). This in turn helps in accelerating the results of business, driving the productivity gains and improving the process of business and thereby improving the performance of whole organization. Operational benefits to business- Migration to cloud computing services results in operational benefits for any organization that helps in facilitation of day to day running of business. Organization using cloud service has the possibility of accessing services from various platforms due to mobility and flexibility provided that helps in efficiently getting things done. Information technology department of an organization has do it yourself approach due to provision of self-services (Oliveira et al. 2014). There are better utilizations of assets such as furniture and office area. Eco friendly- Adoption of cloud computing services helps in reducing hardware components required by any business enterprise and thereby reducing the consumption of energy. For this reason, cloud computing is regarded as ecofriendly (Hameed et al. 2016). There is a centralized infrastructure for data centers using the cloud computing services. Users of cloud computing services are not concerned about over provisioning due to flexibility and scalability of information technology. The reason is attributable to the fact that users can dynamically obtain resources of cloud computing according to needs and demands of consumers. This helps organization in satisfying demand of consumers at peak while just paying for the service used and using extra resources according to requirements. Cloud services enables an organization to quickly, efficiently and easily develop an application (Subramanian et al. 2014). Some of other potential benefits of cloud computing services involved improving organizations external capabilities, reliability, mobility and accessibility. External capabilities involves increasing collaboration with business partners and it helps business in innovating their services, process and products for meeting the market changing requirements. Telecommunication and Information technologies industries is significantly impacted by cloud computing services (Apostu et al. 2013). Disadvantages of Cloud computing: Organizations are faced with increasing challenges and concerns with every new technological advancements. There is slowdown in their adoption process for which they are required to overcome such challenges. Security issues- One of the major concern of cloud computing is privacy and security issues and this makes most of organization hesitant to adopt such services. Organization with sensitive data are not encouraged to employ the cloud computing services because data of customers are shared among multiple shared servers. It is required by organization to make investment in hardware and software for addressing cloud service issues (Gonzlez et al. 2015). Organizations are scared of vendor lock-in and there involves difficulties in switching to different cloud service providers. It is hard for firms to move in and out of cloud services, as it is not affordable for them. Interoperability of clouds is not possible because of lack of standards. It is possible for organization to have to face institutional lock in along with lock in that is technological in nature. Consumers seeking the applications of cloud computing services is concerned about requirements of government compliance that differs from one country to another (Al-Ayyoub et al. 2015). There are different compliance requirements that an organizations is required to follow when provisioning such services. Therefore, compatibility issues is another challenge faced by organization as international and migration of cloud services is difficult. Conclusion: Analysis of literature review deals with evolution of cloud computing services and various models that it incorporates along with discussion of advantages and disadvantages. The research involved a general view on cloud computing services by refection several benefits and challenges faced by firms adopting to such services. It is revealed by literature review of advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing services that a lot of new fixing is required by cloud computing as it is not suitable for all types of business enterprises. Decision making of organization for adopting or migrating to cloud computing services by organization would be assisted by striking a balance between the service advantages and disadvantages. Some of the challenges that is faced while doing research is shortage of literature on cloud computing. There are lot of opportunities for improvement in the services of cloud computing. For further study on research on cloud computing is to focus on some specifics o f cloud concepts aspects such as pay per use model and its long-term effect or strengthening the models of business by finding ways. Reference list: Al-Ayyoub, M., Jararweh, Y., Daraghmeh, M. and Althebyan, Q., 2015. Multi-agent based dynamic resource provisioning and monitoring for cloud computing systems infrastructure.Cluster Computing,18(2), pp.919-932. Alzahrani, A., Alalwan, N. and Sarrab, M., 2014, April. Mobile cloud computing: advantage, disadvantage and open challenge. InProceedings of the 7th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems(p. 21). ACM. Apostu, A., Puican, F., Ularu, G.E.A.N.I.N.A., Suciu, G. and Todoran, G., 2013. Study on advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computingthe advantages of Telemetry Applications in the Cloud.Recent Advances in Applied Computer Science and Digital Services. New York: Wseas,200, pp.118-123. Assuno, M.D., Calheiros, R.N., Bianchi, S., Netto, M.A. and Buyya, R., 2015. Big Data computing and clouds: Trends and future directions.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,79, pp.3-15. Fernndez, A., del Ro, S., Lpez, V., Bawakid, A., del Jesus, M.J., Bentez, J.M. and Herrera, F., 2014. Big Data with Cloud Computing: an insight on the computing environment, MapReduce, and programming frameworks.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery,4(5), pp.380-409. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Garrison, G., Wakefield, R.L. and Kim, S., 2015. The effects of IT capabilities and delivery model on cloud computing success and firm performance for cloud supported processes and operations.International Journal of Information Management,35(4), pp.377-393. Gonzlez-Martnez, J.A., Bote-Lorenzo, M.L., Gmez-Snchez, E. and Cano-Parra, R., 2015. Cloud computing and education: A state-of-the-art survey.Computers Education,80, pp.132-151. Gutierrez, A., Boukrami, E. and Lumsden, R., 2015. Technological, organisational and environmental factors influencing managers decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,28(6), pp.788-807. Hameed, A., Khoshkbarforoushha, A., Ranjan, R., Jayaraman, P.P., Kolodziej, J., Balaji, P., Zeadally, S., Malluhi, Q.M., Tziritas, N., Vishnu, A. and Khan, S.U., 2016. A survey and taxonomy on energy efficient resource allocation techniques for cloud computing systems.Computing,98(7), pp.751-774. Mezgr, I. and Rauschecker, U., 2014. The challenge of networked enterprises for cloud computing interoperability.Computers in Industry,65(4), pp.657-674. Oliveira, T., Thomas, M. and Espadanal, M., 2014. Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors. Information Management,51(5), pp.497-510. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Sadiku, M.N., Musa, S.M. and Momoh, O.D., 2014. Cloud computing: opportunities and challenges.IEEE potentials,33(1), pp.34-36. Subramanian, N., Abdulrahman, M.D. and Zhou, X., 2014. Integration of logistics and cloud computing service providers: Cost and green benefits in the Chinese context.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,70, pp.86-98. Sultan, N., 2014. Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.177-184.

Thanksgiving Essays - Thanksgiving, Food And Drink, Canadian Cuisine

Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day, national holiday in the U.S. commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621. The first national Thanksgiving Day was proclaimed by Pres. Washington for Nov. 26, 1789. Pres. Lincoln revived the custom in 1863. In 1941 Congress decreed that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the PILGRIMS' first thanksgiving feast. national holiday in the United States commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621, after a winter of great starvation and privation. In that year Gov. William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving, and the feast was shared by all the colonists and the neighboring Native Americans. Although similar observances were held locally, they were sporadic and at no set time. After the American Revolution the first national Thanksgiving Day, proclaimed by George Washington, was Nov. 26, 1789. Abraham Lincoln, urged by Sarah J. Hale, revived the custom in 1863, appointing as the date the last Thursday of November. In 1939, 1940, and 1941 Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Thanksgiving the third Thursday in November. When a contradiction arose between Roosevelt's proclamation and some of those of state governors, Congress passed a joint resolution in 1941 decreeing that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The day is observed by church services and f amily reunions; the customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the Pilgrims' first thanksgiving feast. Bibliography Student Referance Library History Reports

Malcolm X, Black Nationalist and Civil Rights Activist

Malcolm X, Black Nationalist and Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X (May 19, 1925–February 21, 1965) was a prominent figure during the Civil Rights era. Offering an alternative view to the mainstream Civil Rights movement, Malcolm X advocated for both the establishment of a separate black community (rather than integration) and the use of violence in self-defense (rather than non-violence). His forceful, uncompromising belief in the evils of the white man frightened the white community. After Malcolm X left the black Muslim Nation of Islam organization, for which he had been both a spokesperson and a leader, his views toward white people softened, but his core message of black pride endured. After Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, his autobiography continued to spread his thoughts and passion. Fast Facts: Malcolm X Known For: Major figure in the African American Civil Rights movementAlso Known As: el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, Malcolm LittleBorn: May 19, 1925 in Omaha, NebraskaParents: Rev. Earl Little, Louise LittleDied: February 21, 1965 in New York, New YorkEducation: Through grade eightPublished Works: The Autobiography of Malcolm  XAwards and Honors:  Multiple historic markers and plaques; streets and schools named in his honor; stamp produced with his likenessSpouse: Betty SandersChildren: Attallah, Qubilah, Ilyasah, Gamilah, Malikah, MalaaknNotable Quote: â€Å"The white man is afraid of truth†¦ I’m the only black man they’ve ever been close to who they know speaks the truth to them. Its their guilt that upsets them, not me.† Early Life of Malcolm X Malcolm X was born as Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl and Louise Little (neà © Norton). Earl was a Baptist minister and also worked for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), a pan-African movement in the 1920s. Louise, who had grown up in Grenada, was Earls second wife. Malcolm was the fourth of the six children Louise and Earl shared. (Earl also had three children from his first marriage.) As a kid, Malcolm would often attend UNIA meetings with his father, who was president of the Omaha chapter at one point, absorbing Garveys argument that the African-American community had the tools and resources to blossom without dependence on the white man. Earl Little challenged the social standards of the time. When he began to attract the attention of the Ku Klux Klan, he moved his family to a white neighborhood in Lansing, Michigan. Neighbors protested. On November 8, 1929, a group of white supremacists known as the Black Legion set fire to the Littles home with Malcolm and his family inside. Luckily, the Littles managed to escape but then watched their house burn to the ground while firemen did nothing to put out the flames. Despite the seriousness of the threats against him, Earl did not let intimidation silence his beliefs- and this almost certainly cost him his life. Malcolm X’s Father Is Murdered While the details of his death remain uncertain, what is known is that Earl was murdered on September 28, 1931 (Malcolm was only 6 years old). Earl had been savagely beaten and then left on trolley tracks, where he was run over by a trolley. Although those responsible were never found, the Littles always believed the Black Legion was responsible. Realizing he was likely to meet a violent end, Earl had purchased life insurance; however, the life insurance company ruled his death a suicide and refused to pay. These events plunged Malcolms family into poverty. Louise tried to work, but this was during the Great Depression and there weren’t many jobs for the widow of a black activist. Welfare was available, but Louise didn’t want to take charity. Things were tough in the Little home. There were six children and very little money or food. The strain of taking care of everyone by herself started to take its toll on Louise and by 1937, she was showing signs of becoming mentally ill. In January 1939, Louise was committed to the State Mental Hospital in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Malcolm and his siblings were divided up. Malcolm was one of the first to go, even before his mother was institutionalized. In October 1938, 13-year-old Malcolm was sent to a foster home, which was soon followed by a detention home. Despite his unstable home life, Malcolm was a success at school. Unlike the other kids at the detention home who were sent to a reform school, Malcolm was allowed to attend Mason Junior High School, the only regular junior high in town. While at junior high, Malcolm earned top grades even against his white classmates. However, when a white teacher told Malcolm that he couldn’t become a lawyer but should instead consider becoming a carpenter, Malcolm was so disturbed by the comment that he began withdrawing from those around him. When Malcolm met his half-sister Ella for the first time, he was ready for a change. Drugs and Crime Ella was a confident, successful young woman living in Boston at the time. When Malcolm asked to go live with her, she agreed. In 1941, having just finished the eighth grade, Malcolm moved from Lansing to Boston. While exploring the city, he befriended a hustler named â€Å"Shorty† Jarvis, who also happened to come from Lansing. Shorty got Malcolm a job shining shoes at the Roseland Ballroom, where top bands of the day played. Malcolm soon learned that his customers also hoped he could supply them with marijuana. It wasn’t long before Malcolm was selling drugs as well as shining shoes. He also personally started to smoke cigarettes, drink liquor, gamble, and do drugs. Dressing in zoot suits and â€Å"conking† (straightening) his hair, Malcolm loved the fast life. He then moved to Harlem in New York and began getting involved in petty crimes and selling drugs. Soon, Malcolm himself developed a drug habit (cocaine) and his criminal behavior escalated. After several run-ins with the law, Malcolm was arrested in February 1946 for burglary and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He was sent to the Charlestown State Prison in Boston. Prison Time and the Nation of Islam In late 1948, Malcolm was transferred to the Norfolk, Massachusetts Prison Colony. It was there that Malcolms brother Reginald introduced him to the Nation of Islam (NOI). Originally founded in 1930 by Wallace D. Fard, the Nation of Islam was a black Muslim organization that believed blacks were inherently superior to whites and predicted the destruction of the white race. After Fard mysteriously disappeared in 1934, Elijah Muhammad took over the organization, calling himself the â€Å"Messenger of Allah.† Malcolm believed in what his brother Reginald told him. Through personal visits and many letters from Malcolm’s siblings, Malcolm began to learn more about the NOI. Using Norfolk Prison Colony’s extensive library, Malcolm rediscovered education and began reading extensively. With his ever increasing knowledge, Malcolm began writing to Elijah Muhammad daily. By 1949, Malcolm had converted to the NOI, which required purity of body- eliminating Malcolms drug habit. In 1952, Malcolm emerged from prison a devoted follower of the NOI and a proficient writer, two essential factors in changing his life. Becoming an Activist Once out of prison, Malcolm moved to Detroit and began recruiting for the NOI. Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the NOI, became Malcolms mentor and hero, filling the void Earls death had left. In 1953, Malcolm adopted the NOI’s tradition of replacing one’s last name (which was thought to have been forced upon an ancestor by their white slave-owner) with the letter X, a reference to the unknown heritage complicating African-American identity. Charismatic and passionate, Malcolm X rose quickly in the NOI, becoming the minister of the groups Temple Seven in Harlem in June 1954. Malcolm X simultaneously was becoming an accomplished journalist; he wrote for several publications before he founded the NOIs newspaper, Muhammad Speaks. While working as the minister of Temple Seven, Malcolm X noticed that a young nurse named Betty Sanders had started attending his lectures. Without ever having gone on an individual date, Malcolm and Betty got married on January 14, 1958. The couple went on to have six daughters; the last two were twins who were born after Malcolm X’s assassination. America Encounters Malcolm X Malcolm X soon became a visible figure in the NOI, but it was the wonder of television that brought him national attention. When CBS aired the documentary Nation of Islam: The Hate That Hate Produced, in July of 1959, Malcolm Xs dynamic speech and obvious charm reached a national audience. Malcolm Xs radical claims of black superiority and refusal to accept non-violent strategies got him interviews across the social spectrum. Malcolm X had become a national figure and the de facto face of the NOI. While Malcolm X became well-known, he was not necessarily liked. His views unsettled much of America. Many in the white community feared that Malcolm Xs doctrine would incite mass violence against whites. Many in the black community were concerned that Malcolm X’s militancy would destroy the growing effectiveness of the non-violent, mainstream Civil Rights Movement. Malcolm X’s newfound fame also attracted the attention of the FBI, which soon began tapping his phone over concerns that some kind of racially based revolution was brewing. Malcolm Xs meetings with Cuban Communist leader Fidel Castro did little to alleviate these fears. Trouble Within the NOI By 1961, Malcolm Xs meteoric rise within the organization as well as his new celebrity status had become a problem within the NOI. Simply stated, other ministers and members of the NOI had become jealous. Many began insinuating that Malcolm X was financially profiting from his position and that he intended to take over the NOI from Muhammad. This jealousy and envy bothered Malcolm X, but he tried to put it out of his mind. In 1962, rumors about improprieties by Muhammad began to reach Malcolm X. To Malcolm X, Muhammad was not only a spiritual leader but also a moral example for all to follow. It was this moral example that had helped Malcolm X escape his drug addiction and keep him abstinent for 12 years (from the time of his prison sentence to his marriage). Thus, when it became obvious that Muhammad had engaged in immoral behavior, including fathering four illegitimate children, Malcolm X was devastated by his mentors deception. Things Get Worse After President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Malcolm X, never one to shy away from conflict, publicly interpreted the event as the chickens coming home to roost. Malcolm X claimed that he meant the feelings of hate within America were so great that they had spilled over from the conflict between black and white and ended up causing the killing of the president. However, his comments were interpreted as support for the death of the  beloved Kennedy, a Democrat from Massachusetts. Muhammad, who had specifically ordered all his ministers to remain silent regarding Kennedy’s assassination, was very unhappy over the negative publicity. As punishment, Muhammad ordered Malcolm X to be â€Å"silenced† for 90 days. Malcolm X accepted this punishment, but he soon discovered that Muhammad intended to push him out of the NOI. In March 1964, the internal and external pressure became too much and Malcolm X announced that he was leaving the Nation of Islam, an organization he had worked so hard to grow. Returning to Islam After leaving the NOI in 1964, Malcolm decided to found his own religious organization, Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI), which catered to former NOI members. Malcolm X turned to traditional Islam to inform his path. In April 1964, he began a pilgrimage (or hajj) to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. While in the Middle East, Malcolm X was amazed by the diversity of complexions represented there. Even before returning home, he began to rethink his earlier divisive positions and decided to prioritize faith over skin color. Malcolm X symbolized this shift by changing his name once again, becoming El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. Malcolm X then toured Africa, where the early influence of Marcus Garvey reemerged. In May 1964, Malcolm X began his own pan-African movement with the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), a secular organization that advocated for human rights for all those of African descent. As head of the OAAU, Malcolm X met with world leaders to forward this mission, generating a far more diverse following than the NOI. Whereas once he had shunned all of white society, he now encouraged interested whites to teach about oppression. Running both the MMI and the OAAU exhausted Malcolm, but both spoke to passions that defined him- faith and advocacy. Death Malcolm Xs philosophies had changed dramatically, bringing him more in line with the mainstream Civil Rights movement. However, he still had enemies. Many in the NOI felt he had betrayed the movement when he publicly discussed Muhammads adultery. On February 14, 1965, Malcolm Xs New York home was firebombed. He believed the NOI was responsible. Still ever defiant, Malcolm X did not let this attack interrupt his schedule. He traveled to Selma, Alabama and returned to New York for a speaking engagement at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem on February 21, 1965. This was Malcolm Xs last speech. Once Malcolm was at the podium, a commotion in the middle of the crowd drew attention. While everyone was focused on the commotion, Talmadge Hayer and two other NOI members stood up and shot Malcolm X. Fifteen bullets hit their target, killing Malcolm X. He was dead before he reached the hospital. The chaos that broke out at the scene spilled into the streets of Harlem as mob violence and the firebombing of a Black Muslim mosque followed. Malcolms critics, including Elijah Muhammad, maintained that he died by the very violence he defended in his early career. Talmadge Hayer was arrested at the scene and two other men were taken into custody shortly after. All three would be convicted of the murder; however, many believe the other two men were not guilty. Many questions remain about the assassination; specifically, who really carried out the shooting and who ordered the assassination in the first place? Legacy In the month prior to his death, Malcolm X had been dictating his biography to noted African-American author Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X was published in 1965, just months after Malcolm Xs murder. Through his autobiography, Malcolm X’s powerful voice continued to inspire the black community to advocate for their rights. The Black Panthers, for example, used Malcolm X’s teachings to found their own organization in 1966. Today, Malcolm X remains one of the more controversial figures of the Civil Rights era. He is generally respected for his passionate demand for change in one of historys most trying (and deadly) times for black leaders. Sources The Autobiography of Malcolm  X. With the assistance of Alex Haley. New York: Grove Press, 1965. Mamiya, Lawrence. XMalcom. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 February 2019. Remnick, David. â€Å"This American Life: The making and remaking of Malcolm X.† The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 19 June 2017.

Scutellosaurus - Facts and Figures

Scutellosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Scutellosaurus (Greek for little shield lizard); pronounced SKOO-tell-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of southern North America Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200-195 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 25 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long tail; bony studs on back About Scutellosaurus One of the persistent themes of evolution is that large, imposing creatures descend from small, mouselike progenitors. Although no one would think of comparing Scutellosaurus to a mouse (it weighed about 25 pounds, for instance, and was covered with bony spikes), this dinosaur was certainly rodent-sized compared to its multi-ton armored descendants of the late Cretaceous period, such as Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus. Although its hind limbs were longer than its forelimbs, paleontologists believe Scutellosaurus was ambidextrous, posture-wise: it probably stayed on all fours while eating, but was capable of breaking into a two-legged gait when escaping predators. Like other early dinosaurs, Scutellosaurus was anatomically very similar to the prosauropods and small theropods that roamed the earth during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods.

FOUNDATIONS FOR RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FOUNDATIONS FOR RESEARCH - Essay Example To amend this gap in knowledge about mood disorders in adolescents, it has been claimed that theoretical perspectives should develop from adolescents’ understanding and experiences (Griez 2005: 47). If not, the theorising process will continue to be removed from the perspectives of individuals who have really experienced mood disorders (Wolfe & Mash 2008: 83). The objective of the aforementioned study was to generate a theoretical perspective that essentially represented the perceptions of adolescents who had experienced mood disorders. Lewis (1995:372) investigated, employing qualitative methods, how participants personally experienced mood disorders, how they reached and perceived the label of mood disorder, and how they understood their experiences. In addition, Karp (1996: 91), in Speaking of Sadness, explained the identity-changing process that participants experienced as they eventually viewed themselves as depressed and carried on theorising about their own selves and h ow they acquired their mood disorders. In this paper, a thorough discussion on the different features of the grounded theory method will be provided by presenting an original research article, Meadus’s (2007) study, which contains the grounded theory method. The Application of Grounded Theory in Mood Disorder Research The grounded theory method, according to Straus & Corbin (1990), the goal of which is to form a theory that is closely related to the reality of the adolescents studied was used in the study of Meadus (2007). Through the grounded theory method, theory arises from evaluating the actual statements given by the participants, and is hence genuinely ‘grounded’ in them (Strauss & Corbin 1990: 17). However, the problem in using an inductive research method for mood disorder research, according to Griez (2005: 72), is that it inevitably results in analyses that go beyond the statements given by the participants. Stiles (1993) suggests that participants give relevant information to the researcher, but that the researcher should analyse that data to form a reflective theory. Meanwhile, reflexivity obliges the researcher to thoroughly think about the research process, which involves probing how strongly the interpretations of the researcher fit with the perspectives of the participants (Rennie, Phillips, & Quartaro 1988: 143). The grounded theory method was employed in the study of Meadus (2007) because it allowed a methodical analysis that enabled the creation of a theoretical perspective that was strongly connected to, otherwise ideally representative of, the explanations of the participants. According to Merriam (2009: 30), data analysis in grounded theory is performed using the constant-comparative method in which bits and pieces of data are compared in terms of their similarities and differences. Merriam (2009: 31-32) furthers that part of the data analysis is the identification of a core category. The core category is the central c oncept where all data revolves around and this is used to develop the substantive theory. Emphasis is given on the importance of identifying categories, hypotheses, and theories from the patterns seen among the relationships formed from the data gathered. To better understand the features of a grounded theory, the research of

Financial crisis 2008 for corporate governance & ethics course Case Study

Financial crisis 2008 for corporate governance & ethics course - Case Study Example Moral hazard occurs when a party to a contract understanding that the consequences of their actions will be borne by a different party puts themselves under more risks. This paper aims at analyzing the characteristics that make the 2008 financial crisis an ethics and specifically moral hazard situation and the measures taken for effectively eradicating the recession. Reasons for the 2008 financial crisis include massive nationwide residential housing bubble, financial sector overleveraging, unregulated subprime lending growth at a large rate, and lack of transparency in new, complex, and more popular mortgage based funds. The other reasons for the global financial crisis in 2008 was resultant inability to measure risk, screening of borrowers and bank lending of precarious loans and lack of concern on ability to pay with main aim being origination of loans (Dowd, 143). These factors that resulted in the financial crisis shows the blatant disregard by the financial institutions of the needs of the stakeholders through taking on precarious loans depicting an example of the lack of ethics or moral hazard situation. Securitization and subprime mortgage origination rose until 2006 when household debt was 100% of US GDP, causing rising interest rates making refinancing difficult and drop of housing prices and 1.3 million housing projects were on forecl osure in 2007, the crash had began. The proceeding days would be so tough for banks and other financial institutions owing to bank runs and collapse including certain governments that depended so much on foreign market loans. The crisis could have been prevented through a reduction in the bailouts or the expectation of bailouts by firms since set precedence for firms to invest in risky activities. This is because when these activities are successful; the investors benefit, but in case of failure, there are bailout by the government. Having a law holding each person responsible for the risky actions that led to the