Irish Defence Forces History

Irish Defence Forces History Joshua Ryan Public Administration: Public Organisation Profile 2017 The public organisation that I have chosen to investigate is the Irish Defence Forces. I chose this organisation as I have a strong interest in the Irish Defence Forces and a desire to pursue a career as an officer upon completion of my degree. The Irish Defence Forces have a proud tradition of professionalism and good conduct. They have proven themselves on the world stage with their peacekeeping missions that have gained them a phenomenal reputation within the UN. At home they have defended the state and provided security in times of need. They have provided aid at the highest levels at both home in conjunction with the Gardaà ­ and abroad with other militaries and Aid organisations. Origins The Irish Defence Forces can trace its origins back to the formation of the Irish Volunteers in 1913.The Irish Volunteers were founded by The ORahilly and Eoin MacNeill, they were founded due to growing militarism in Ulster and to oppose the Ulster Volunteer Force. The Irish Volunteers grew substantially and by 1914 they numbered approximately 180,000 personnel. The Irish Volunteers however split after the outbreak of the First World War. John Redmond the leader of the Irish Home Rule party urged members of the Irish Volunteers to join the British army and show their support for the Empire to prove their loyalty to home rule. Approximately 11,000 personnel strongly opposed this and split from the Irish Volunteers but retained the name, the remaining personnel renamed themselves the National Volunteers.[1] The Irish Volunteers were then effectively taken over by the Irish Republican Brotherhood, using the volunteers they planned the 1916 Easter Rising. The 1916 Easter rising was a reb ellion mainly confined to Dublin, fought by a small group of the hardened volunteers due to confusion in orders, it was characterised by fierce street fighting and incredible discipline by the volunteers. Fifteen of the leaders or the rebellion were executed by the British which led to public outcry and a sympathy for the rebels which previously they did not have. This sympathy would lead to a strong public support for the volunteers as they transitioned into the Irish Republican Army.[2] In 1919 as the Dail was established the Irish Volunteers pledged their allegiance to the Dail, which made them the national army of the Dail. This transitioned them to become the Irish Republican Army. They then grew in strength and in 1919 after an attack by an IRA section at soloheadbeg they began the war of independence. They began to use guerrilla warfare tactics and gained success through small sections called flying columns. Members of the Irish Republican Army had to swear the same oath of allegiance to the Dail as TDs which further concreted them as the national army.[3] Once the war of independence was complete and both sides wanted peace, the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed. This caused a divide in both the Dail and the Irish Republican Army. The IRA split between the Anti-Treaty IRA and the Pro-Treaty IRA. The Pro-Treaty IRA became the National Army, unofficially known as the Free State Army or the Regulars. The Civil War began on the 22nd of June 1922 with the shelling of the four courts which the Anti-Treaty IRA had taken and ended on the 24th of May 1923 with the order for the Anti-Treaty to drop arms. The National Army strengthened itself during the civil war and began to take shape of a professional Army and lay the foundational structure for the Defence Forces we have today. The National Army was given Artillery, Aircraft, Armoured Cars, Machine Guns, Rifles, Small Arms and Ammunition supplies by the British Army. At the end of the war the National Army numbered at 55,000 personnel and 3,500 officers. Many of the troops that entered the new Na tional Army were veterans of the First World War that served in Irish Battalions in the British Army. After the Civil War the National Army was well structured, manned and equipped, they were no longer a guerrilla insurgency but a strong National Army.[4] There was a need to reduce the size of the Army after the civil war. This led to the Army Mutiny where there was a severe reaction to the demobilisation of officers. This was dealt with effectively and democratically. This led to the Executive Council formally establishing Oglaigh na hEireann on the 1st of October 1924. The Army sent representatives to the United States of America in 1926 to study their structures, tactics and training. This visit led to the formation of the Military College, Corp and Service schools. In 1934 the Volunteer Force were established as the Permanent Defence Forces were being reduced. [5] In June 1922 the Air Service HQ was formed at Baldonnell. They began with 14 pilots flying 13 aircraft. In 1926 the cadet scheme was introduced which still is the process in becoming a pilot in the Air Corp today. Moving into the late 1930s and early 40s the Air Corp received new Aircraft and equipment. In 1956 the Air Corp upgraded their airfields to accommodate the purchases of jet fighters later that year. In the early 1960s the Air Corp purchased their first helicopters for search and rescue then for troop transport and air reconnaissance. The Air Corp continued to update its Aircraft as time progressed and as new needs and duties for the Air Corp were required. In the late 1990s a new branch of the Gardai was established the Garda Air Support Unit, the Air Corp was tasked with helping establish this and to train its personnel. [6] From 1922 the Army was tasked with protection of the state from the land, the Air Corp with the protection of the Airspace but Irish waters were under protection by the British until 1938 when the Treaty ports were returned after the economic war. In May 1939 the Irish Government ordered two torpedo motor boats. The outbreak of the Second World War greatly increased the speed of which the Naval Service was being established. The order of torpedo motor boats increased from two to six and in September 1939 the Marine and Coastwatching service was established. This service at its height during the Second World War comprised of ten vessels. After the war the Coastwatching service was disbanded. Afterwards the Irish Government decided that what remained of the Marine Service would be integrated into the Defence Forces. This is the establishment of the Naval Service that we know today.[7] Head of the Defence Forces The overall head of the Irish Defence Forces is the Supreme Commander President Michael D.Higgins but this is more of a ceremonial role rather than direct management. The Irish Defence Forces falls under the Department of Defence, the current Minister for Defence is Paul Kehoe TD. The Chief Of Staff for the Irish Defence Forces with overall control of the Defence Forces is Vice Admiral Mark Mellett DSM. Vice Admiral Mellett DSM has held this position since September 2015. [8] Vice Admiral Mellett DSM is a native of Castlebar, Co. Mayo. He enlisted in the Naval Service in November 1976. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) in 1994 as Captain of LE Orla for his role in detention of drug smuggling craft. He has had a long and successful career in the Irish Defence forces, having served overseas in both the Lebanon and Afghanistan [9] The Chief Of Staff is accompanied by General Staff, these include Deputy Chief Of Staff Operations Major General Kieran Brennen, Deputy Chief Of Staff Support Major General Kevin Cotter and Assistant Chief Of Staff Support Brigadier General Peter OHalloran. [10] The General Officer Commanding of 1st Brigade is Brigadier General Philip Brennan, 2nd Brigade is commanded by Brigadier General Michael Beary. The Defence Forces Training centre is commanded by Brigadier General Joe Mulligan. The Officer in command of the Air Corp is Brigadier General Paul Fry. The Flag Officer Commanding the Naval Service is Commodore Hugh Tully.[11] These heads of the Defence forces are those that are called upon to answer for actions of the Defence Forces. They are responsible for accountability with the General staff cooperating with the Minister for Defence in times where accountability is questioned. Structure The Irish Defence Forces encompasses the Army, Air Corp, Naval Service, both Army and Naval Service Reserves . There is currently a recruitment drive in the Defence Forces. There is approximately 9,137 personnel as of May 2016 in the Permanent Defence Forces and 2,323 personnel as of November 2015 in the Reserves. This is distributed among the branches with 7,310 personnel in the Army, 733 in the Air Corp and 1,094 in the Naval Service.[12] The Army is structured into the Defence Forces HQ, 1st Brigade, 2nd brigade and the Defence Forces Training Centre. The 1st Brigade is responsible for the south of the country, Carlow, Laois, Offaly, Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Clare, Tipperary and Galway. The HQ of 1st Brigade is located at Collins Barracks Cork, there are four other 1st Brigade barracks, Sarsfields Barracks in Limerick, Stephens Barracks in Kilkenny, Kilworth Training Camp in Kilworth and Dun Ui Mhaoilosa in Galway.[13] 2nd Brigade is responsible for the north of the country, Wicklow, Dublin, Louth, Kildare, Longford, Meath, Westmeath, Roscommon, Cavan, Monaghan, Donegal, Sligo, Leitrim and Mayo. The HQ is Cathal Brugha Barracks in Rathmines, Dublin, there are six other 2nd Brigade barracks, Mckee Barracks in Dublin 7, St Bricins Hospital in Dublin, Gormanstown Camp in Co. Meath, Aiken Barracks in Dundalk, Custume Barracks in Athlone and Finner Camp in Ballyshannon.[14] The Defence Forces training Centre is located in The Curragh Camp in Co. Kildare. The HQ and all training, education and logistical units are located there. The 1st Mechanised Infantry Company, 1st Armoured Cavalry Squadron and the Army Ranger Wing are also located in the Curragh Camp. The Army consists of nine corps, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Communications and Services, Engineers, Ordnance, Medical, Transport and Military Police.[15] The Air Corp Comprises of the Air Corp Headquarters, No.1 Operations Wing, No.3 Operations Wing, No.4 Support Wing, No.5 support Wing, Communications and Information Services Squadron and Air Corps College. The Air Corps Headquarters is located in Casement Aerodrome in Baldonnel. The Naval Service comprises of the Naval Service Headquarters, Naval Operations Command, Naval Support Command which are all located on Haulbowline Island in Cork Harbour and the Naval College. The Naval College is situated in two locations the Naval College Training Naval Base and the National Maritime College of Ireland in Ringaskiddy. The Navy consists also of seven ships, one Helicopter Patrol Vessel, three Offshore Patrol Vessels, two Large Patrol Vessels and two Coastal Patrol Vessels.[16] Main Functions The Irish Defence Forces main role is protection of the state. The Irish Armys role is to defend the state, provide aid and support to the Garda Siochana when needed, to contribute and participate in peacekeeping and international aid and support. In times of emergency to assist crisis situations.[17] The Role of the Irish Air Corp is to provide Inshore and Offshore Maritime patrol, Army support and reconnaissance, Garda Air Support, Air Ambulance, Military Transport and Search and Rescue.[18] The role of the Naval Service is to defend the state, to protect the nations maritime interests. The Naval Service provides a lot of deterrent aggression and protecting Irelands sovereign rights. The Navy does a lot of policing word with people, arms and drug smuggling. The Naval Service has provided support for refugees fleeing Syria in the Mediterranean recently and has been praised globally for its efforts there. The Navy has been flexible in its UN missions and have outperformed much larger better equipped naval powers.[19] Budget The Irish Defence Forces has always had a small budget compared to other nations but it has utilised the resources its been given most efficiently. The 2016 Defence Forces Budget was 904 million euro which was an increase from 2015, the proposed budget for 2017 will see an increase again in the defence budget. The budget increase is to maintain commitments of the Defence Forces both internationally and at home.[20] The budget for the Irish Defence Forces is planned to increase over the next six years, there is a planned 437 million to be given for equipment and capital investments for the Defence Forces. Minister for Defence Paul Kehoe announced that the 2017 budget would be 922 million euro which is a 16million euro increase from 2016. The proposed plans for the increased investment in the Irish Defence Forces are to upgrade or replace the Armys Armoured Personnel Carriers, to increase the capability and strength of the Army Ranger Wing, to replace three of the Naval Service Vessels and replacement of the Air Corps Cessna fleet and Casa Maritime patrol aircraft.[21] The breakdown of the 2017 budget of 922 million is 692million for defence and 230 million for Military pensions.497 million of the 692 million is spent on wages for the 9,500 military personnel, 550 civilian employees and 350 civil servants. With the order of the replacement Naval Vessels, this will take up a good portion of the increased budget and the additional capital investment allocation. The increased spending on the Defence Forces is welcomed by the public and military personnel. There is an additional 2 million allocated to the Reserve Defence Forces to recruit new members but to also improve equipment and increase the capabilities of the RDF. This further investment into the RDF comes as they are given a stronger link to the Permanent Defence Forces and joint cooperation is increased, with plans to send member of the RDF on peacekeeping missions alongside PDF members this increase in spending is welcomed and needed.[22] Personal Impressions of their Public Profile My own personal impressions of the Irish Defence Forces is that recently there has been a big push to promote the Irish Defence Forces within the public. There has been a stigma over the years towards the Defence Forces, that since we are neutral that there is no need for them. I completely disagree with this and the image that previously the public have viewed the Defence Forces lightly and not seen them as a professional outfit. The Irish Defence Forces of 2017 are one of the best trained in the world, they not are equipped with new standard issue Steyr Aug A4s replacing the A1s we have been using.[23] The Defence Forces Peacekeeping missions for the UN have been praised worldwide, they are favoured by the UN for their professionalism and good conduct. The Naval Service has been conducting operations in the Mediterranean, where they have been rescuing refugees and migrants from the conflicts in the Middle East. They have received international recognition for this and have truly ma de the nation proud.[24] My personal opinion is that the Defence Forces deserve the increase in Budget, there has been issues with pay in recent years, I firmly believe that every member of the Defence Forces deserve an increase in pay. The Job asked of our brave men and women is full of peril and the current wages dont match what is asked of them. The Irish Defence Forces of 2017 is a military of which I am proud of what they have accomplished as a small island with a small population we have made our mark on the world stage that would make a much larger military envious. Bibliography Coogan, T.P. and Morrison, G. (1998) The Irish Civil war: A photographic record. Boulder, CO: Rinehart, Roberts Publishers. (Coogan and Morrison, 1998) Cuà ­v, É.Ó. and Ó, M. (2013) The Irish Volunteers 1913-1915: Recollections and documents. Edited by F. X. Martin, Ruan ODonnell, and Micheal O h Aodha. Ireland: Merrion Press. (Cuà ­v and Ó, 2013) Department of Defence home page (2017) Available at: http://www.defence.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). (Department of Defence home page, 2017) English (no date) Available at: http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 2 March 2017). (English, no date) Forces, I.D. (2015) Irish Defence forces Lebanon 16 06 2014 TAOISEACH Enda Kenny meets some of the Irish Personnel who escorted him during his visit. Commandant Colin Miller ( back to camera), trooper Shane Callaghan (foreground) and trooper Michael Barry (background). Available at: http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E (Accessed: 3 March 2017). (Forces, 2015) Independent (2012) Irish Army rifle to get multi-million euro upgrade. Available at: http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/irish-army-rifle-to-get-multimillion-euro-upgrade-26835770.html (Accessed: 3 March 2017). (Independent, 2012) Lee, J. (2017) Irish Defence budget increases but is it enough? Available at: https://flyinginireland.com/2016/10/irish-defence-budget-increases-but-is-it-enough/ (Accessed: 1 March 2017). (Lee, 2017) Ltd, I.E. (2016) Naval service rescues over 10, 000 in Mediterranean. Available at: http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/naval-service-rescues-over-10000-in-mediterranean-411454.html (Accessed: 3 March 2017). (Ltd, 2016) McCarthy, M. (ed.) (2013) Irelands 1916 rising: Explorations of history-making, Commemoration heritage in modern times. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing. (McCarthy, 2013) McIvor, A. (1994) History of the Irish naval service Aidan McIvor hardcover. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. (McIvor, 1994) [1](Cuà ­v and Ó, 2013) [2] (McCarthy, 2013) [3] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [4] (Coogan and Morrison, 1998) [5] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [6] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [7] (McIvor, 1994) [8] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [9] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [10] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [11] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [12] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [13] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [14] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [15] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [16] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [17] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [18] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [19] http://www.military.ie (Accessed: 1 March 2017). [20] (Department of Defence, 2017) [21] (Lee, 2017) [22] (Forces, 2015) [23] (Independent, 2012) [24] (Ltd, 2016)

Character Analysis of Macbeth

In the play we can easily see that Macbeth is driven by ambition and later on in the play tortured by his regrets which manifest a great deal of inner conflicts seen in his soliloquies. Macbeth is a man dominated by a strong moral sense, a man who has a profoundly sensitive conscience and who knows at each stage the moral consequences of committing murder Macbeth at the beginning of the play is mentally stable and a good man but due to certain influences (supernatural and normal) and his own flaw being his †vaulting ambition†. His values and his better aspects begin to dwindle under his growing desire for power. Macbeth is an example of a normal man that has done a monstrous deed and from this deed giving rise to regret and paranoia, signalling his decline which eventually led to his tragic downfall. There are many redeeming qualities of his character and Macbeth is essentially a good man but ultimately is the architect of his undoing. At the beginning of the play he is first qualities are introduce to us by the bleeding captain explaining his heroic performance and valour shown on the battle. He is described as †great† and †valour's minion† which shows that he is very willing to serve his king and country and strives to help Scotland to the best of his abilities and all these merits gained during his battles help his ambition to grow. ‘I have no spur' he states, ‘to prick the sides of my intention, but only vaulting ambition' this clarifies that he is very ambitious almost to the point that it might harm his own interests in the future which inevitably happens leading to his downfall. Another good example of his unstable ambition is when the three weird sisters begin to address him with title such as †Thane of Cawdor† and tell him that he †shall be King hereafter† following this we very quickly see his interest in these equivocal prophecies †stay you imperfect speakers† , this conveys that maybe he thinks he could attain these titles and from this it is evident his ambition will try to do everything in its ability to strive for this greatness and promised glory even though the witches had explained nothing else making it clear that his ambition is also blind. His ambition is so great he acts on the words of strangers that he has never met before and becomes ‘rapt' in a world cut off from others which is evident in his soliloquies where in each he equivocates within himself about what is good and evil which both fight for mastery over him and this ‘evil' and his ambition seem to go hand in hand throughout the play and causes him to do things he regrets which build up and becomes ‘a dagger of the mind' and we see throughout the play the damage being dealt to his moral being. Another example of his blind ambition would be witnessed in Act 1 scene 7 when Lady Macbeth questions his bravery and insinuates that he is a †coward† but Macbeth is adamant that he should prove himself a man regardless of what he is actually about to do which shows he is ambitious to impress others. Another last example of his ambition his with his goal to see the whole situation through and says †I am in blood stepped in so far that, should I wade no more† and that †returning were as tedious as go'er . † This shows he is eager to see through what he had started till the end. Macbeth's ambition has become dehumanised and will also end himself. Aside from Macbeth's ambition we also witness in times of his self doubt when his rational mind and conscience starts to extinguish his ambition, the bad influences from many different sources seem to slowly dissolve his better qualities and set him back on the road to moral decline and his doom. Initially the witches are the first to influence him, telling him he will be promised power and glory but never say he should act on or actually do anything at all but non-the-less kick start his decline. Later on in the play when he reencounters the witches again they show him three apparitions one of which explain that he should †Beware Macduff† which influence him to order the killing of Macduff and his family which clearly shows how heavily influential these weird sisters are with regards to Macbeth acting on the prophecies with such unfaltering hastiness. The next influence and I think is one of the more dominant influences in the play his Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth gave herself the responsibility to influence Macbeth and act when he wouldn't (which she never appears to do), calls upon the darkness and †spirits that tend on mortal thoughts† to instil her with masculine features as to aid Macbeth in is goal for power. The first example of her influencing Macbeth is in Act 1 Scene 5 she explains how he should †Look like the time† and †bear welcome† in his eyes during the banquet that the King Duncan is to at their home and to †look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under't† as in an effort to deceive The king to knowing where their true intention lie. This example of her influence is much softer in contrast to Act 1 Scene 7 which is a much harsher brand of influence. During the scene Macbeth states he †will proceed no further† in their plans and the King †hath honoured him of late† to which Lady Macbeth snaps at him saying †was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself† implying he was only brave whilst inebriated and also asks him if he would rather live like †a coward† then to carry on with the plans he first begun. This is a blow to Macbeth's manhood with regards to him being a coward and says he would do anything that will prove his masculinity. These attacks on her husband manhood is the device she uses to influence him because she knows that Macbeth and most warriors of his time put most of their effort into being the greater man and such insults drive Macbeth to act without question especially when he feels his manhood is in question. Another factor in the play that influences Macbeths which manifested from his monstrous deed is his paranoia. The first signs of this paranoia is evident in act when he states †to be thus is nothing but to be safely thus†. This shows that he feels unsafe and that unless you are safe you are nothing and now he is influenced to destroy anything which might jeopardize his safety and the first obstacle being Banquo. Reasons such as †his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared† and Macbeth states his mind is full of scorpions and his life is filled with ‘terrible dreams/That shake us nightly', following these thoughts he quickly and subtly organises the killing of Banquo by means of hiring assassins. This action is a major step in Macbeth's moral fibre due to the reason that Banquo was originally his most trusted friend and ally and the evidence he is beginning to use murder as a tool to solve most of his issues and concludes with himself that it is the only solution to his problems. There are also signs of the influence of jealousy with regards to when Banquo was told during the first encounter with the witches that he would †have kings but be none† and Macbeth realises that upon his head he now has †a fruitless crown† and †a barren sceptre† in his grip which angers him by the knowledge that his sons (if he ever has any) will never be air to the throne, this being another reason to murder Banquo. With regards to the influencing factors we see that at the beginning of the play Macbeth is mainly intervened by external forces influence but as the play proceeds slowly he withdraws from his wife and friends due to again his paranoia and becomes more fuelled by his emotions, the predominant emotions being fear and jealousy. Macbeths regret in the play with regards to the murder and following murders is one of the more important issues to mention, regret being the catalyst in which his characters morality and mental stability are remoulded by traumatic experience and long term symptoms of his guilt. The first obvious example of his regret is scene when he attempts to opt out of the plans of murder and conveys that he feels guilty for any of these nefarious plans even crossing his mind but at this moment in the play he is not tortured by his guilt or regret obviously until he actually commits the crime but until then and right up until he is about to murder the king he is more greatly affected by anxiousness to the extent that he hallucinates. After the murder has been committed he is very obviously traumatised and is paralyzed, unable to move due to his mind being completely occupied with what has happened. The damage dealt is clear when he says that he heard a voice cry †Macbeth hath murdered the innocent sleep† which shows the beginning of his restless nights which is the first harsh blow to his mental health. Also in this scene Macbeth talks about the blood on his hands as if it is a metaphor for the guilt and in contrast to Lady Macbeth saying †a little water clears us of this deed† make replies that not even all the waters of †Neptune's oceans† could not wash away this blood or guilt from his hands. We can see his guilt and regret build up and burst out as witnessed in the banquet scene where Banquo's ghost appears only to him and a mental breakdown takes place with moments of Macbeth almost unconsciously confesses the details of his to murders in the presence of lords to which the pressurised Lady Macbeth desperately tries to disguise. This ghost Macbeth is seeing in my opinion is not real but a complete manifestation of his guilt and regret and his better side subconsciously is trying to give himself up an attempt to save his ‘damned' soul, with regards to the quote where he states he would †jump the life to come † meaning he is aware he will be punished in the afterlife. In Act 5 scene 3 we see that regret and guilt has affected to the extent that he nearly loses the will to live and feels that live is void of meaning †I have lived long enough: my way of life is fall'n into the sere, the yellow leaf† he also realises that his poor decisions have bereaved him of things that would have originally accompanied his old age such as †honour, love, obedience† and †troops of friends† none of which he shall have to look forward to in his future. This indicates he is very regretful of almost everything he has done right back to the killing of Duncan. Throughout the course of the play Shakespeare weaves into the storyline small respites in which Macbeth's slowly declining character shows moments that magnifies what is left of the qualities that redeem slightly in the audiences perspective and shows them he has not completely transformed in this remorseless †tyrant† but is still just a man that has performed a monstrous act. The first example of these redeeming qualities is in Act 1 scene 7 where he says he †will proceed no further in this business† and acknowledges that king Duncan †hath honoured† him recently for his bravery in almost single-handedly ending the battle in the opening scenes of the play. At this point we see he has a good moral sense and instilled with the highly valued qualities such as respect and honour but Lady Macbeth succeeds in convincing him otherwise diminishing and muting these values in him. Throughout the play, we constantly see that Macbeth has a conscience towards his actions and does always have a general sense of right and wrong. . Conscience is exhibited after he kills Duncan but can't stand to look at the body. †I am afraid to think what I have done; look on't again I dare not†. This lets us see that after Macbeth killed Duncan his conscience will not let him look at what he has done. He also realized what he had done could not be changed and it will affect him for the rest of his natural life. Macbeth understands that he is marked for life and this realization in itself one of his redeeming qualities. Another minor example of a redeeming quality is that Macbeth †is too full o'th'milk of human kindness† and that he is†art not without ambition† but has the absence of †the illness† being ruthlessness. Back to the issue addressing his conscience with regards to it being a redeeming quality that is fighting a losing battle against the rest of the conflict within him. We witness many times his conscience trying to override his normal behaviour. Macbeth's conscience creates the ghost of Banquo in an attempt to make him subconsciously confess to the murders which make us realise he is very sorry for what he has done which redeems him slightly through sympathy. One last sign of redeeming qualities is neat the end of the play where he stares in the face of death. He contemplates suicide by falling on his own sword as †Romans† used to do but even though he knows he has no one on his side he will fight to the end and die an honourable death showing his original bravery which he once used to fight for his country which reminds us that he was once a great hero. To conclude Macbeth is a tragic hero. A man with an ambitious but a victim of temptation and the pseudo prophecies of his rise to power which seemed so close at the time was actual the beginning of Macbeth's change from hero to tyrant. He was used as a vessel for chaos by the witches to plant their ideas of power into a fertile mind which was nurtured by his blind ambition which grew into an unstable mind tormented by regret and guilt.

Psychology Schools Paper Essay

Behaviorism Behaviorism would explain road rage by looking at the person’s environment to see why he or she would become enraged and show aggressive behavior towards other drivers. Using behaviorism, you would examine what is happening at that time, who is involved, the driver, the passengers, and other drivers. Some factors that could exhibit the driver’s frustrations are traffic jams, loud noises, a disgruntled mood before driving, and annoying passengers. To prevent road rage from happening, the driver should be in a good mood, the passengers should understand they should be well behaved, and should leave earlier so that they have a smaller risk of getting caught in traffic. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis can be used to determine the cause of road rage by looking at a person’s dreams and childhood. By examining the dreams, you may be able to find out if the person had an upsetting dream and could possibly put the driver in a bad mood, which could cause him to experience road rage. You could ask the person about the kind of childhood he or she had. If the person had a violent parent or a parent who experienced violent outbursts, the driver may have thought that that was an acceptable way to act. Using free association, you could give the person a word that is traffic related and ask them what comes to mind by learning about their dreams and their childhood, you may be able to gain some insight and see what caused the road rage. Humanism Within the context of humanism, you would need to get the person to examine the reality of the road rage episode and how they behaved and the ideal way they should have acted in the driving situation. You would have the person break down the problem and they could tell you that they were on their way to the market when someone suddenly veered into their lane, which upset the person and they became aggressive towards the other driver. Once they have determined what the problem is, acting aggressively while driving, you could then have the person explain how they really would have handled the situation in a perfect world. Neurobiological From a neurobiological point of view, you would want to find out if there were mental or health issues that played a part in the road rage. You could do a psychological examination to see if they had depression, bipolar, or any other mental disorder that could cause a violent reaction to a traffic incident. If it turns out that here is a chemical imbalance caused by depression or another mental disorder, then you could prescribe medications to help the person manage their behavior. Helping a fellow student who has dropped all of their books down the stairs Behaviorism Using behaviorism, you would examine what is happening at that time, who was involved, and what other factors in the surrounds are. An example of this could be a small, weak looking girl could have accidentally dropped her books down the stairs. A boy was late to class and would walk past her, but he sees a teacher and doesn’t want to leave a bad impression on the teacher by ignoring the school’s â€Å"above the line† rules, which tell students to help each other in any ways they can, so he goes and helps her pick up her books. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis can be used to look at a person’s dreams and childhood. They could be asked if they had any childhood memories of dropping books and having no one help the person pick them up. Using this information, you could see why the person would help another student pick up their books, because they didn’t want the other student to feel the same way they did when no one helped the person. Looking into the dreams the student may have had could also show if they had a dream where they helped another student and received thanks from the student who dropped their books. The person may have wanted to have the dream become a reality by receiving thanks by helping the other student pick up the books. Humanism Using humanism, you could get the person to examine the reality of what it would feel like if someone had dropped their books and no one helped the student, and how the student felt when no one helped pick up the books. You could have the person break down the problem into how they felt when no one helped the student, and how they might have felt if someone did help them. Once they have determined what the problem was, not helping the student pick up their books, they could have them explain how they really would have handled the situation. Neurobiological From a neurobiological point of view, there is nothing in their genetics; there are no organic problems; no chemical imbalance; and no genetic problems with empathy. The person was just trying to be nice to the student who dropped their books, so the person helped the student. A new student not wanting to join in any activities at their new school Behaviorism The environment surrounding the student may be uninviting for school activities. An example of this could be having a dance, but it is crowded, dimly lit, teachers could be watching you dance, and the other students might look like they don’t want to dance. The student would not want to join in the school activity because it does not look inviting. Another possible factor could be if the person was feeling depressed. If the person was depressed, he or she would not want to engage in the activity. Psychoanalysis Using psychoanalysis, you could determine if the person had a suppressed memory or bad childhood that dealt with a school activity. The person might not want to attend the event because it might have been a painful time for him or her. The person could also have had a possible dream in which the school activity does not turn out well. If the dream shows the school activity not turning out well, then the student might not want to go to the school event. Humanism Through humanism, the person could examine the reality of the school activity and see why they do not want to go to the activity. The person could break down the problem to see what the exact reason as to why they don’t want to go to the school activity is. Once the person sees the exact reason to why they don’t want to go to the school activity is, they can determine what it would be like if the event turned out how they want it to be. Neurobiological Through neurobiological psychology, you could determine if the person has a mental health issue such as depression, which would explain the lack of interest in going to school activities.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Obamas Speech - 1249 Words

In the year 2008 the world was a much different place. Before countless racial protests and riots in streets, before NFL players knelt during the National Anthem for what they believed in, and before our president spoke of nonsensical chauvinistic principles on a regular basis, our country appeared to have a greater sense of unification. This unifying bond between the American people was due in part by Barack Obama, whose entire campaign to become president may have been the most difficult struggle for anybody in the lineage of presidential candidates to go through. As part of his strategy to win over voters and soothe the skepticism of whites who may have had any doubting questions, Obama gave this speech on race; a speech which still†¦show more content†¦However, the tactics used to invoke such principles may have gone over the heads of many who listened to the speech. In truth, Obama’s clever and tactful writing pattern and rhetorical strategies may explain why his speech exemplified the current state of being so well. The use of allusion is very prominent when Obama begins to explain subject matter which intentionally mentions a point or subject but does not necessarily cover the subject as a whole. For example, Obama explains how far the United States has been driven thus far, â€Å"surviving a Depression, union growing stronger, etc.† Obama does not reference these events of the past to explicitly focus on their meaning as a whole, but rather he strings them together and tactfully orders the pieces in the correct configuration. Therefore when Obama explains how our country is driven by a sense of hope, he has many references to look back on in order to establish a solid argument. Another trick Obama tends to utilize in his writing becomes clear when we notice finely shaped patterns among his usage of wording. â€Å"White and black, too black or not black enough, on the streets and in the courts;† all of these statements reference two polar opposite ideals. When Obama attempts to break apart the current system of society and explain the rights and wrongs behind it, he digs to a deeper level to makeShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Obamas Speech742 Words   |  3 Pages In his speech, â€Å"Remarks by the President in a National Address to America’s Schoolchildren,† Obama effectively argues his claim, that kids should go to school and try very hard to succeed to schoolchildren around the U.S. He effectively argues his claim because he uses supporting details and stories of students that have undergone tough situations, but still overcame those obstacles to succeed and school. 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